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2025 Vol.34, Issue 3

Research Paper

The Effect of the Underutilization of Funds by Non-Attainment Cities in India’s National Clean Air Programme

인도 국가청정대기프로그램의 영향 분석: 비성취 도시의 예산활용의 역할에 관하여

정진호*‧윤세미**

Owen Cheung* and Semee Yoon**

*서울대 국제대학원 석사과정학생, 제1저자(e-mail: jungjinho@snu.ac.kr)
**서울대 국제대학원 조교수, 교신저자(e-mail: semee@snu.ac.kr)
*M.A. in International Studies (International Development), Graduate School of International Studies, Seoul National University, First author (e-mail: jungjinho@snu.ac.kr)
**Assistant Professor of Sustainable Development, Graduate School of International Studies, Seoul National University, Corresponding author (e-mail: semee@snu.ac.kr)
30 September 2025. pp. 321-348
PDF Citation
Abstract
This paper analyzes the air pollution reduction effect of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) launched by the government of India in 2019. In particular, we look at the impact of fund utilization for “non-attainment” cities on air quality improvements in 82 NCAP cities from 2019 to 2023. Using fixed-effects panel regression models, we analyze the relationship between changes in particulate matter (PM10) levels and various predictors, including the lagged use rate of allocated funds. We find that higher utilization rates of allocated funds in the previous year are associated with reductions in PM10 levels, with the effect being statistically significant at the 10% level. Specifically, a one-percentage increase in the lagged use rate correlates with a 0.100-unit decrease in PM10 levels, highlighting the delayed but meaningful impact of effective fund utilization on air quality. These findings underscore the importance of addressing the underutilization of funds to maximize the effectiveness of the NCAP and provide insights on future research directions and policy implications.
Keywords
Air pollution
Pollution policy
India
본 논문은 인도 정부의 국가청정대기프로그램(NCAP)이 대기질 개선에 미친 영향을 분석한다. 인도 정부는 대기질 기준을 충족하지 못하는 ‘비성취’ 도시에 대한 목표 자금 지원한 바 있어, 각 도시별 예산 활용도를 주요 설명변수로 살펴본다. 이 연구는 2019년부터 2023년까지 82개 NCAP 도시의 대기질 개선 효과 분석을 위해 고정효과 패널 회귀 모델을 사용하여 미세먼지(PM10) 농도의 변화와 할당된 예산의 1년 시차(lag) 간의 관계를 분석한다. 그 결과, 전년도에 할당된 예산의 사용률이 높을수록 PM10 수치 감소와 연관되어 있으며, 그 효과는 10% 유의수준에서 통계적으로 유의하다. 특히, 사용률이 1% 증가하면 PM10 수치가 0.100 단위 감소하는 것으로 나타나 효과적인 예산 활용이 대기질에 미치는 영향이 상당한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 NCAP의 효과를 극대화하기 위해 예산 활용률 저조 문제를 해결하는 것이 중요함을 지적하며 향후 연구에서 고려할 요인들을 제기한다.
키워드
대기오염
대기오염 저감 정책
인도
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Information
  • Publisher :Environmental and Resource Economics Review
  • Publisher(Ko) :자원 · 환경경제연구
  • Journal Title :자원·환경경제연구
  • Journal Title(Ko) :Environmental and Resource Economics Review
  • Volume : 34
  • No :3
  • Pages :321-348
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.15266/KEREA.2025.34.3.321
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